Genocide In Rwanda Essays - Rwandan Genocide, Rwandan Civil War

Genocide in Rwanda The definition of genocide as given in the Webster's College Dictionary is "The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group." This definition depicts the situation in 1994 of Rwanda, a small, poor, central African country. The Rwandan genocide was the systematic extermination of over eight hundred thousand Tutsi, an ethnic group in Rwanda, by the Hutu, another ethnic group in Rwanda. In this essay I will briefly describe the history of the conflict of the Hutu and Tutsi, the 100 days of genocide in 1994, and the affects of the massacre on the economy and the people of Rwanda. To fully understand why this slaughter occurred, we must first look at the history of the Hutu and the Tutsi. In the early 1900's, the Tutsi were placed in positions of power by Belgium, because they looked "whiter". Governed by Belgium's racist way of thought, ethnic identity cards were introduced. The Catholic Church supported the Tutsi and the new social order and educated the Tutsi and imposed their religion on them. Though the population of Rwanda was ninety percent Hutu, they were denied land ownership, education, and positions of power. In the 1950's, the end of the colonial period, the Hutu overthrew the Tutsi government. The Hutu maintained the practices of ethnic division, and the Tutsi were forcibly removed from positions of power. Many Tutsi fled from Rwanda and were not allowed to return. Many Tutsi that stayed in Rwanda were killed. Supported by Uganda, the Tutsi formed the Rwandan Patriotic Front, a rebel army. The rebel army was anxious to regain citizenship and their homes in Rwanda, and began a civil war that lasted four years. The world wide coffee market crashed, and coffee being the main export of Rwanda, led to unemployment and hunger of many Rwandans. This, along with pressure from Belgium forced the Hutu to agree to share power with the Tutsi. This was a hoax, for the Hutu government was secretly planning revenge on the Tutsi. The revenge being planned was the extinction of the Tutsi. With help from Hutu extremists, hate propaganda, sub-humanization of Tutsi, firearms, and machetes were distributed among the Hutu citizens. The extremists assassinated the president for fear of giving in to the Rwandan Patriotic Front's demands. Through these elements necessary for genocide, the killing began on April 6, 1994. Checkpoints were set up, covering the major routes and borders around Rwanda. These checkpoints consisted of Hutu military checking ethnic identity cards, if they were Hutu they lived, if they were Tutsi they were killed immediately. Many of the Tutsi gathered in churches, which were considered sacred, but they turned into slaughterhouses where many were massacred. The killing lasted for one hundred days. More than eight hundred thousand people were massacred, one third of the Tutsi population being wiped out. During this time there was no outside help from the United States or any other country. The UNAMIR (United nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda) were given orders to stay on "stand by" and were not allowed to intervene because they would breach their monitoring mandate. Eventually, though, the Rwandan Patriotic Front defeated the militias and the Rwandan army, and the genocide ended. Although the genocide is over, disease and war still plagues this small, poor country. Many Tutsi, trying to regain their lives in Rwanda, are still tortured and harassed by the Hutu. This is because there are many witnesses to the brutal crimes of the Hutu, and many have not been put on trial yet. Painstakingly lengthy trials have prevented many of the accused murderers from ever being put on trial. The Rwandan economy remains dependant on coffee and tea exports and foreign aid, and "the economy suffers greatly from the failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, and neglect of important cash crops and lack of health care facilities". In conclusion, the 1994 massacre in Rwanda deserves attention. Many will argue that use of the term "genocide" is incorrect in describing the war of 1994. They argue that there were only two, true genocides in the twentieth century, of the Armenians, and of the Jews. This is only a matter of opinion. As the Webster's College dictionary defines "genocide",

6 Top Tips on How to Write a Business Plan - Proofed

6 Top Tips on How to Write a Business Plan - Proofed 6 Top Tips on How to Write a Business Plan Whether you’re a new startup or an established business with big ideas, preparing a business plan is the first step to ensuring success. But what do you need to know when writing one? 1. Know What You Want to Achieve Before you start writing a business plan, think about who it is for and what you want to achieve. All business plans set out a strategy and a step-by-step action plan, but exactly how you do this and what your plan should feature may depend on several factors. These include: Whether the plan is for internal (e.g., yourself or a manager) or external use (e.g., investors) Your objectives (e.g., securing funding or expanding into new markets) The period of time your business plan covers Once you know this, you can tailor your writing accordingly. For instance, if your plan involves securing outside investment, you may need to â€Å"sell† your business more strongly. You might even want to prepare slightly different plans for internal and external use. 2. Do Your Research A business plan is more than just an idea. It also needs to show the reader that you’ve considered all the circumstances involved in running a business. Consequently, as well as explaining what your business will do, consider how it fits into existing markets and who your main competitors will be. This will help you estimate the expenses and expected financial performance for your plan, which is also vital information. 3. Short Is Good You want your business plan to be read? Then try to make it as clear and concise as possible. Time is money, after all, and nobody is going to read a 100-page document, no matter how great the ideas within are. As such, it can help to focus only on the most important information in your plan. The report arrived. Its, um, comprehensive. You should also include an executive summary at the start of the document. This provides a brief overview of the key points of your plan. Ideally, this will encourage time-pressed readers to see what you have to say and give the rest of the plan a look! Think of it as a bit like a written elevator pitch. 4. Use Appendices If you’ve followed the advice in point three above, you may have cut some material from your business plan. But don’t chuck it in the trash just yet! Any additional research or information can be included in an appendix at the end of the document. This shows that you’ve done the hard work to prepare your plan without the main document becoming bloated. 5. Professional Formatting First impressions matter. And this means the presentation of your business plan matters, too. Make sure your plan looks professional by: Adding a title page Using page numbers and section headers Including visual aids (e.g., charts, graphs, or illustrations) Ensuring all fonts and formatting are clear and consistent None of this should come at expense of the content, which is far more important. But taking a little time to tidy up your plan will help the reader follow it and show you are serious about your work. 6. Proofread Carefully! Whether your plan is for internal or external use, you need to check it carefully before you are finished. Even small errors will look bad, and the editing process also gives you a chance to review the content. An extra pair of eyes can really help on this count, so feel free to get in touch with our team today.